10 Fun Facts About The Science Of Scuba Diving

3. The Chemistry of Breathing Underwater

Breathing underwater presents unique challenges, as divers rely on compressed air tanks to supply oxygen. The composition of the air in these tanks is similar to atmospheric air, consisting primarily of nitrogen and oxygen. However, the increased pressure underwater alters the behavior of these gases, particularly nitrogen. At depth, nitrogen becomes more soluble in the bloodstream, leading to a condition known as nitrogen narcosis, which can impair judgment and motor skills. Divers must be aware of this phenomenon and take precautions to minimize its effects, such as limiting the depth and duration of dives. In addition to nitrogen narcosis, divers must also manage their oxygen levels. While oxygen is essential for life, at high pressures, it can become toxic, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and even convulsions. This condition, known as oxygen toxicity, concerns divers using enriched air mixtures, such as nitrox. By understanding the chemistry of breathing underwater, divers can make informed decisions about their dive profiles and equipment, ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience.