10 Things Invented Way Earlier Than You’d Expect

2. Programmable Robots: The Legacy of Al-Jazari

The idea of robots performing tasks autonomously seems quintessentially modern, yet the concept of programmable machines dates back to the 12th century. Al-Jazari, a brilliant engineer from the Islamic Golden Age, designed a variety of automata that were, in essence, early robots. Among his creations was a programmable humanoid robot designed to serve drinks, a feat accomplished through a sophisticated system of levers and cams. Al-Jazari's work, documented in his book "The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices," showcases his deep understanding of mechanics and pneumatics. His inventions not only entertained and amazed the courts of his time but also laid the groundwork for future developments in robotics and automation. Al-Jazari's legacy is a testament to the enduring human fascination with creating machines that mimic human actions, a fascination that continues to drive innovation today.